The FTB Would Like Some Help from California Tax Professionals

If you’re a tax professional in California, the Franchise Tax Board is asking for some help to improve their website.

We need tax professionals’ help to test webpages and online applications (such as MyFTB Account) and provide feedback to us. If you elect to help us, here’s what to expect:
• Testing generally takes 15 to 30 minutes.
• Sessions vary based on what we test.
• We contact you by email or phone and provide you information about the test.
• We plan to contact you only once or twice a year.
• We will not contact you during April or October.
If you would like to participate or have additional questions, respond to Donna Freeman with the following information at Donna [dot] Freeman [at] ftb.ca.gov:

Your name
Your email address
Your daytime phone
Your city

We appreciate your help!

It’s too every tax professional’s benefit to have the FTB website work well, so those of you who have a little extra time (and remember, the FTB will not contact you during April or October) should send Ms. Freeman an email.

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BOE Approves Use Tax Table for Indviduals

The Board of Equalization approved a tax table that individuals can use (if they wish) to report Use Tax for their 2011 tax returns (filed in 2012). Use Tax is owed by individuals and businesses when they buy products where sales tax is not charged but would be charged if they purchased it in a local store.

The table is only for non-business purchases of $1,000 or less; businesses cannot use the table and must report their actual expenses. The table is:

Adjusted Gross Income Use Tax
Less than $20,000 $7
$20,000 – $39,999 $21
$40,000 – $59,999 $35
$60,000 – $79,999 $49
$80,000 – $99,999 $63
$100,000 – $149,999 $88
$150,000 – $199,999 $123
More than $199,999 AGI times 0.07% (0.0007)

Again, businesses must use actual expenses to calculate Use Tax.

Most individuals ignore Use Tax so it’s likely having the table will increase compliance with the law.

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I Spilled my Coffee Thanks to Joe Kristan

This morning, Joe Kristan posted about an Iowa couple who had a unique method of preparing tax returns. I made the mistake of reading the actual court decision while drinking my morning coffee:

According to [the defendants], if you believe that looking successful helps make you successful, your clothes, hair care, and manicures are deductible. If your dog barks while you are away from your home based business, it’s deductible. If your child’s nanny ever answered the business phone, the nanny is deductible. If you visit a business associate while on vacation, it is deductible. If you pay rent to yourself, or even if you don’t, it’s deductible. If you have a six year old child, payments to the child are deductible employee expenses. If you have used your living room television in a business meeting, it’s deductible. And your hobbies, like scuba diving, pet cats and flying, easily deductible.

The trouble was that I was laughing so much that the coffee hit the carpet. As you hopefully know, none of the items noted by the Court are deductible; the defendants in this case absolutely deserve their permanent injunction.

On a more serious note, Joe noted,

The case is noteworthy in another respect: it shows how useless competency exams and CPE requirements are in stopping rogue preparers. One of the preparers — the one who signed all of the disputed returns — was an Enrolled Agent. That meant he had to pass a competency test that is certainly more difficult than any that will be imposed by the new IRS preparer regulation regime. He also had to take continuing education to maintain that status. [emphasis in original]

I disagree somewhat with Joe regarding competency exams, but agree with him regarding CPE.

Competency exams will weed out the lowest of the low hanging fruit. There are undoubtedly some preparers who are so incompetent that they have no chance of passing any exam. In that respect, the RTRP exams will have an impact.

However, CPE is what you make out of it. For most tax professionals, CPE gives us a chance to learn new material in tax. True tax professionals attend courses and want to learn.

That said, it’s relatively easy for an incompetent preparer to obtain CPE. Just go to courses, doodle on the materials presented, and go home still believing that petting your dog is deductible. As long as you attend the full course (typically, your badge is scanned upon entering and leaving) you will get CPE. Attend enough CPE and your license can be renewed.

Joe would prefer that the money being spent on building a new bureaucracy be used to spot rogue preparers. Originally, I was indifferent about the new PTIN and registration requirements. (For the record, the National Association of Enrolled Agents, of which I am a member, strongly supports both.) I am now moving more towards Joe’s opinion (that this is more or less a power grab by the IRS with no real benefits to taxpayers or tax professionals).

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Class Action Approved for Los Angeles Phone Tax Lawsuit

The City of Los Angeles’ telephone tax used to be based on the Federal telephone excise tax. The federal tax, collection of which began to fund the Spanish-American War (Remember the Maine?), ended when almost every circuit Court of Appeal ruled the tax unconstitutional.

So a gentleman named Estuardo Ardon sued the City of Los Angeles claiming that its phone tax was just as unconstitutional; he asked that it be made a class action suit. The city objected, claiming that each resident must sue separately per the California constitution. Today, the California Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the case can proceed as a class action.

The case now reverts back to the Superior Court, where presumably the amount of damages (that is, the amount that must be refunded to residents) must be calculated. Eventually, residents of Los Angeles will likely get some money back. This impacts other California cities, too, as several other cities have been sued for similar reasons in class actions.

Hat Tip: The Tax Foundation

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Cash and Carry Didn’t Work

There’s nothing wrong with paying employees in cash. Indeed, in some industries it’s the norm. However, you still must withhold payroll taxes and properly report the earnings. The owners of a Massachusetts temporary agency found that out this week.

Michael Powers and John Mahan owned Commonwealth Temporary Services, Inc. in Stoughton, Massachusetts. Powers and Mahan believed that if it wasn’t written down or reported, it didn’t happen. Unfortunately for them, the US Department of Justice proved that they paid employees more than $25 million in cash and didn’t report it. They did save $7 million in taxes (and saved more on workers compensation).

But they’re not going to get to enjoy that money; they were convicted of one count of conspiracy to defraud the Internal Revenue Service and their workers compensation insurers, one count of mail fraud and two counts of false tax returns. Instead of making a little less money but complying with the law, they’ll likely pay a lot of fines and enjoy ClubFed.

As I’ve said before, the government takes trust fund taxes very seriously. This isn’t the area to mess around in.

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Foreign Money Service Businesses May Need to Register with FINCEN

Consider a foreign company that takes in, via wire transfers or other bank transfers, money from Americans. This company is located in, say, Costa Rica. Under new regulations published this week in the Federal Register, that company must register with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN).

First, who must register with FINCEN?

Currently, the MSB [Money Service Business] regulations apply to persons engaged in specified activities that exceed $1,000 for any person in any day (‘‘activity threshold’’). The activity threshold applies to all MSB categories except money transmitters, which do not have an activity threshold.

One change in the regulation is that foreign entities are now covered.

FinCEN proposed to amend 31 CFR 1010.100(ff) to provide that foreign located persons engaging in MSB activities in the United States are subject to the BSA rules. Specifically, FinCEN proposed to revise 31 CFR 1010.100(ff) so that an entity qualifies as an MSB based on its activity within the United States, not the physical presence of one or more of its agents, agencies, branches, or offices in the United States. This proposal arose out of the recognition that the Internet and other technological advances make it increasingly possible for persons to offer MSB services in the United States from foreign locations.

The new regulations require a foreign MSBs to register with FINCEN, and designate a US-person to accept service of papers. The new regulation goes into effect in 60 days.

So what businesses must register? “A commenter also noted that foreign banks, broker dealers, and possibly other financial institutions might be subject to the MSB regulations. FinCEN does not intend to include these institutions in the MSB definition.” That leaves foreign businesses that take in money from US customers but aren’t regulated by US regulators. One obvious category is Internet gambling.

Take an entity like Bodog. They offer sports betting and online poker to Americans. Bodog tells Americans to wire money or transfer money into various accounts outside of the United States. It’s almost certain that Bodog takes in over $1,000 a day from Americans, so they definitely fall under this regulation.

The Wire Act makes offering sports betting to Americans decidedly illegal; Bodog hasn’t been deterred in the least. I doubt this will have any impact on them. However, it may have an impact on the online poker companies that still offer games to Americans. In 60 days, there will be yet another law that can be used against them. We’ll see what happens.

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Electronic Filing Now Available for FBAR

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN) announced this week that you can now file an FBAR (Form TD F 90-22.1) electronically.

Electronic filing of an FBAR is different than electronic filing for a tax return. You must complete an application, and download a special forms reader (used for transmitting the FBAR). Under FINCEN rules, tax professionals cannot file an FBAR on a client’s behalf.

And it appears that FINCEN is working on linking the FBAR to tax preparation software. Given the pace that government works, this is probably still at least a year away.

Note that you can still paper file your FBARs.

Hat Tip: Taxdood

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Liening the Wrong Way

Liens are useful legal devices. They are rightly used when someone owes another party money, so that property or other collateral is attached. Of course, if there’s a right way there’s also a wrong way. Today, we’re going to look at the wrong way.

Imagine you’ve been accused by the US Department of Justice of conspiracy to defraud the IRS. Now, you and I would get the best legal advice we could, but different methods appeal to the Bozo mind. Mark D. Leitner was so accused, and his method could lead himself to an award. First, from today’s DOJ press release:

During that jury trial and after the jury returned the guilty verdict, Leitner publicly filed false maritime liens against the property of the prosecutors, investigators and court personnel involved in the criminal trial. The liens falsely claimed that Leitner was owed $48.489 billion from each individual. On five of the seven false liens, Leitner publicly disclosed individuals’ correct Social Security numbers and other personal identifying information. Leitner also filed and mailed numerous harassing and frivolous documents to the courts and personnel involved in this case.

Mr. Leitner received five years at ClubFed for the conspiracy charge (as noted in the press release, he was found guilty); he’s looking at up to 13 years on these charges — he pleaded guilty to them today. Needless to say, this was an incredibly bozo act. But he did show some chutzpah: At $48.489 billion a piece, he could have made some money if there was a way of collecting….

On the bright side, I am looking for candidates for the Tax Offender of the Year, and I now have at least one entry.

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No Records and Other Issues Lead to a “Pro” Being an Amateur

The Tax Court had to decide whether or not another individual was a professional gambler. On his return, he included his gambling winnings on a Schedule C (like a professional gambler). But was he truly a professional or was he an amateur?

Among the items I stress to my clients, first and foremost is keeping good records. (This is true for amateur gamblers, too, of course.) Did the petitioner keep good records? Well, did he keep any records? I think you know where this is going.

There’s a nine-factor test used by the Tax Court (and other courts) in determining whether an individual is a professional or an amateur in any profession. The nine factors are:

  1. Manner in which the taxpayer carries out  the activity.
  2. The expertise of the taxpayer or his advisors.
  3. The time or effort expended by the taxpayer in carrying out the activity.
  4. Expectation that assets used in the activity may appreciate in value.
  5. The success of the taxpayer in carrying out other similar or dissimilar activities.
  6. The taxpayer’s history of income or losses with respect to the activity.
  7. The amount of occasional profits, if any, earned.
  8. The financial status of the taxpayer.
  9. Elements of personal pleasure or recreation.

Today’s petitioner didn’t lose on all the factors; one was held not to apply.  That said, first impressions are meaningful in these ‘hobby loss’ cases.  The petitioner presented no records at the trial.  There were some records from the casinos, but they were deemed unreliable by the Court.  Finally, the petitioner gambled at slot machines, and it’s highly unlikely that any court will find someone who gambles on slots is ever a professional as it’s next to impossible for a player to win against slot machines in the long-run.

The petitioner was ruled to be an amateur gambler.  Taxdood has more.

Case: Moore v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2011-173

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Club Fed Is the Rule for Ja Rule

Back in March I reported on rapper Jeffrey Atkins (aka Ja Rule). He decided that it was a good idea if his after tax income was the same as his before tax income. Given that the tax loss to the IRS was $1,137,912, that wasn’t a good idea.

Today, U.S. Magistrate Judge Patty Shwartz sentenced Mr. Atkins to 28 months (to be served with a state weapons count). “Taxpayers do not have the luxury of deciding whether to comply with laws,” Judge Shwartz noted. Well, they do have a choice but they have to face the consequences if they don’t. Mr. Atkins has agreed to make full restitution to the IRS.

Here’s another version of a classic:

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