January 23rd: California Refund Deadline?

Spidell today reported that California taxpayers who file by January 23rd and request a refund direct deposited into their bank accounts would likely get their refunds. Anyone who files after that date will likely have their refunds on hold.

Unfortunately, very few individuals will be able to meet that deadline. Most people are still waiting to receive their 1099s and W-2s; with the deadline for investment companies to issue the 1099s pushed back to mid-February most of us are out of luck.

One client asked me when the state is required to issue the refunds. California has until April 15th to mail (or direct deposit) the refunds. After that date, California must pay interest on the refunds. If registered warrants are issued interest may also be due on the refunds—especially if the warrants aren’t made good until after April 15th.

I didn’t report anything on the budget front last week because nothing has changed. Neither the Democrats nor the Republicans have changed their positions by one iota so there’s nothing to report.

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Double Trouble

Two brothers operated two businesses: a fruit market and a car wash. Two sets of books and skimming lead to a likely term at ClubFed. Halfway across the country we also have a story of an alleged Bozo tax preparer.

Let’s start in Harrison, Michigan. Timothy and William Walraven owned and operated the Country Garden Fruit Market and Walraven’s Car Wash. They also had other business interests in Clare County, Michigan. The Walravens operated their business similar to the way the mob ran Las Vegas: They skimmed cash from the businesses and stored it in their homes. That’s not a problem if you declare the cash on your tax returns (well, it’s not a tax problem but banks and safety deposit boxes are far better places to store cash) but the Walravens kept two sets of books; they evaded reporting about $580,000 in income to the IRS.

All went well for apparently 15 years. Somehow, the IRS discovered the scheme, executed search warrants at the Walravens’ homes, found $1.3 million in cash, and charged the brothers with tax evasion. They each pleaded guilty to one count of tax evasion and one count of conspiracy to defraud the IRS; they’ll be sentenced in April and will likely spend some time at ClubFed.

Meanwhile, Ernest Barreda of Tucson has been indicted on 12 counts of tax fraud. Mr. Barreda allegedly followed the Western Tax Service method of preparing tax returns; he allegedly told undercover IRS agents that they could take deductions and credits that they weren’t qualified for. He also allegedly partook in what the Walravens did. The IRS accuses Mr. Barreda of not reporting $250,000 of the gross receipts of his tax practice between 2001 and 2004. Mr. Barreda is looking at a term at ClubFed if he’s found guilty.

If you’re tempted to try either of these methods of tax evasion I suggest that instead you try the legal methods of lowering your taxes. There’s still plenty of time to contribute to an IRA (or a SEP IRA). Your tax professional may be able to identify legal deductions you qualify for. The Bozo methods in the above stories just lead to ClubFed.

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California Tax Refunds Delayed

California Controller John Chiang announced that California tax refunds will be delayed at least thirty days. This will be the first real consequence of the budget fiasco in Sacramento that will be felt by the average Californian.

With no end to the stalemate in Sacramento in sight—Democrats don’t want to cut many programs and Republicans won’t accept any tax increases—a thirty day delay may be very optimistic. Ray Haynes wrote in the Flash Blog that today’s California revenues match the budget for 2005-2006. He proposed the simple solution: Lower the expenses to those of 2005-2006.

I’m not holding my breath for a solution. If you’re a Californian expecting a tax refund, don’t hold your breath either. Indeed, when your refund is finally issued don’t be surprised if it’s a Registered Warrant (an IOU).

California needs to drastically cut state spending. Sooner or later this will happen. Given that I’m talking about California, I’m betting on later.

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Three Gambling Questions

Three interesting questions were recently emailed to me regarding gambling tax issues. Let’s take a look at some of the issues of concern:

1. “I’m planning on playing at an upcoming poker tournament in Los Angeles and heard that if I win a prize California will withhold 5% of my winnings. I’m a Canadian citizen and can’t see how they can do that. (I know that the IRS will withhold 30%, and that I am able under the US-Canada Tax Treaty to get some to all of that back.) Please advise.”

Well, I have bad news for you. The withholding rate is not 5%; rather, it’s 7%. You are earning that income in California, and California law says that anyone who earns that income is subject to state income tax.

I do have good news for you in one respect. If you’re a professional gambler and are paying Canadian income tax, the tax you pay to California is a foreign income tax that you will be able to get a tax credit for. However, if you’re an amateur gambler you are just plain out of luck (Canada doesn’t tax gambling income from amateurs).

As to why you’re paying the tax, that’s a long and convoluted story. The Tax Foundation conducted a study on this tax (back in 2004) and concluded that it was “poor tax policy and should be stopped.” The jock tax started, believe it or not, with Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls. The Franchise Tax Board got the idea that they should share in Mr. Jordan’s salary. Illinois then retaliated and instituted their own jock tax. Now they’re universal.

And California wants the jock tax from anyone and everyone. If you win a contest in California expect to have some of your money withheld. The Bronze Golden State is broke and this isn’t going to change soon.

2. “I’m a professional poker player who won a very nice six-figure bad beat jackpot. I’ve also won into well six figures this year [earnings] from poker. My question is can I treat the BBJ as gambling winnings while treating my poker income as, er, income.”

First, for the non-poker players reading this, a bad beat jackpot is when a very good hand (say, four of a kind) is beaten by a better hand (say, a straight flush). The rules for bad beat jackpots vary from casino to casino and they are not universal. Indeed, many cardrooms don’t have bad beat jackpots.

The answer to this gentleman’s question, like lots of poker answers, is it depends. Was the jackpot casino funded or player funded? A jackpot funded by the casino is a prize; when you win such a prize it’s like winning a sweepstakes. The casino is providing this out of the goodness of its heart (or hoping that the publicity helps draw more gamblers to their casino); the jackpot in this case should be reported on a Form 1099-MISC and would be included in Other Income (line 21, Form 1040).

However, if the jackpot is funded out by a “jackpot drop” or an additional small rake (usually $1 out of each pot), then it’s funded by the players themselves. In that case, the jackpot is gambling income and should be reported on a Form W-2G.

The person who asked this question is a professional gambler (and a successful one, too). He’d like the jackpot to be reported as Other Income because then he wouldn’t owe self-employment tax on the income. My suspicion, though, is that it was player-funded and gambling income subject to self-employment tax. That’s just a suspicion, and only the correspondent knows for sure.

3. “Two years ago I was traveling to Costa Rica and won over $100,000 at the casino. Now my ex is threatening to tell the IRS about the win. What should I do?”

I’ve said on several occasions that one of the IRS’ best sources of tips are disgruntled ex-spouses and ex-girlfriends. I’m not a marital counselor so I can’t give any advice on that portion of the problem.

It sounds like you didn’t report the gambling income. Why not amend your tax return and report the income, pay the tax, penalties, and interest? It’s almost always better to come forward than to have the IRS come after you. (Don’t forget your state income tax, too.) Given that this issue has legal ramifications you should consult an attorney if you have not already done so.


Three questions, and three answers that likely didn’t make anyone happy. The Tax Code remains unfair towards gamblers and I don’t expect that to change anytime soon.

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Givers Gain

Two tax fraud stories on Tuesday, making it a twofer for Bozos. And trust me, don’t try either of these yourself.

First, we head to Miami. Pablo Gehr allegedly wanted to help his fellow church parishioners. He allegedly volunteered to prepare their tax returns. That’s a good deed. But what he supposedly did©—adding phony deductions and credits to their returns—is anything but a good deed. And shock of shocks, somehow most of those refunds allegedly made it into Mr. Gehr’s personal bank account. The government alleges he did this 24 times; thus, he was charged with 24 counts of tax fraud. The parishioners themselves were unwitting victims.

Next, we head again to Portland, Oregon. Maurilio Castillo Vega wanted to help his construction business. “What if I pay my employees in cash and set up some phony companies so I don’t owe as much in income tax?” We’re not talking peanuts here; Mr. Vega defrauded Oregon out of $8 million. He pleaded guilty to racketeering last year after being charged with that, tax evasion, theft, and several other counts. He’ll spend five years in state prison for this scam. No word if he’ll have to make restitution (but it won’t be a surprise if he does).

These two givers allegedly gained…but the benefits lasted just a short time. Had they looked at long-term tax planning they might have reaped some tax savings and wouldn’t be either heading to prison or to trial.

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It’s Only Monday

It’s only Monday. And I already have several tales of woe from the tax evasion front.

First, there’s one less Bozo preparer out in the world. Tommy Jordan is the former owner of Tax Tyme in Montgomery, Alabama. Mr. Jordan definitely helped his clients get refunds—to the tune of $3 million—but his methods weren’t of the legal variety. The government wasn’t pleased, and Mr. Jordan tonight stands tried and convicted of 26 counts of aiding and assisting in the preparation of false tax returns. He’ll probably be spending quite a few years at ClubFed.

Heading next to Portland, Oregon we find that Jeffrey Carrithers pleaded guilty to one count of income tax evasion. Mr. Carrithers felt that one social security number wasn’t enough; he used two. That’s a problem, especially when you do that to hide income. Add in using bank accounts in others’ names, not reporting income on a Form 1099, lying to IRS agents, and, more importantly, doing this repeatedly and you’re bound to get in trouble. Mr. Carrithers cost the government $93,714.47 in lost taxes. He’ll be sentenced on March 31st; based on federal sentencing guidelines Mr. Carrithers is likely looking at spending a year at ClubFed.

Stephen Talmage of Anderson, South Carolina didn’t believe in the income tax. Well, most Americans don’t like it. Mr. Talmage took it a step further. In 1992 he stopped filing and paying income tax. When the IRS told Mr. Talmage that he had to file and pay he gave them typical tax protester frivolous arguments. When the IRS then was about to levy his wages he quit his job. In the end, though, Mr. Talmage was arrested and he pleaded guilty last year to income tax evasion. Today he was sentenced to two years at ClubFed. And he also has to pay his back taxes (now $250,000) plus penalties and interest.

Finally, Frank Frazier, Sr. is CEO of Nashville Jet Charters. His company properly collected $141,739 in federal excise taxes. He just didn’t remit those taxes to the IRS. That’s a problem, and Mr. Frazier pleaded guilty today to failing to turn over those funds he collected. It appears that including penalties and interest the total due is at least $180,000 and may be as high as $430,000. Mr. Frazier received 60 days at ClubFed and must make restitution.

As usual, it’s a whole lot easier to just pay your taxes in the first place then it is to evade them. Somehow, though, that never enters the mind of the tax evader.

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Tax Season May Start In Mid-February This Year

If you want to make an accountant unhappy all you need to do is tell him that tax season will be compressed. Funneling more work into fewer days does not brighten an accountant’s day. The IRS today officially recognized what Congress enacted last year.

The IRS announced in Notice 2009-11 that investment companies and brokerage firms will be considered in compliance with the law if they furnish their 1099s by Tuesday, February 17, 2009. That’s a postmark deadline so it’s likely that many individuals won’t receive their statements until the following week.

Congress made the change in the law last year when they passed the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008. This law extended the deadline for mailing out 1099-B’s and “consolidated reporting statements” from January 31st to February 15th. The 15th is a Sunday, the 16th is President’s Day, so the deadline this year is on the 17th.

I’m a little too harsh here, perhaps. In previous years the brokerage firms were scrambling to send out their tax forms, and it showed in the number of corrected forms they later sent that either required an amended tax return or making sure that the right set of forms were used to prepare the return.

In any case, if you don’t receive your brokerage firm’s 1099s in early February just remember that the deadline is now fifteen days later.

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The Estate Tax

The Wall Street Journal reported this morning that Democratic leaders in Congress expect to introduce legislation continuing the Estate Tax in 2010. Under current law the Estate Tax is scheduled to disappear in 2010 but reappear in 2011 at the old rate of 55% with a $1 million exemption. In 2009 the Estate Tax is 45% with a $3.5 million exemption. (Note that the exemption mentioned above is the lifetime Estate Tax exemption. Gift Tax returns are figured into this exemption.)

President-Elect Obama pledged to keep the Estate Tax at its current level ($3.5 million exemption with a 45% tax rate). I expect such a measure would pass Congress.

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Selecting a Professional Tax Preparer

We all know what assume means. “Do you remember the old episode of tv’s ODD COUPLE when Felix explains to Oscar what happens when you assume? We all must know by now that when you assume you make an ass of u (you) and me!” Robert Flach has this excellent post this morning where he also answers the question of what’s the difference between a return prepared by a CPA and one prepared by him (answer: about $100).

There are several good CPAs that I know who specialize in tax (for example, bloggers Joe Kristan and Kerry Kerstetter are CPAs). I also know several CPAs who won’t prepare a tax return. In fact, I prepare the returns for at least two licensed CPAs. I believe the key to finding a good professional tax preparer is finding someone who fits your needs and, if it’s important, specializes in what you do. Kerry Kerstetter has this post about selecting a tax preparer. I also wrote a guest post for the TaxGuy about what to look for in selecting a professional tax preparer.

If you are considering using a professional the time to conduct your search is now. In about a month successful professional preparers will start to get swamped. This should be a long-term relationship so take the time to do it right.

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A Bad Week for Evaders

Lots on the tax evasion front from the last few days. And we have two early entrants into the 2009 Tax Offender of the Year contest.

Larry McClure is one of two owners of Morgan-McClure Motorsports. Morgan-McClure owns a NASCAR team that ran from 1982 through 2007. Mr. McClure was indicted back in October for mail fraud, wire fraud, and tax evasion. Reports are that he will plead guilty this week to filing false tax returns and making false statements to IRS investigators. Mr. McClure may be spending ten years at ClubFed. This all stems from apparently not reporting $325,000 for using cars in the ARCA Re/Max Series.

Anthony Bruno is a disbarred attorney in the Chicagoland area. He either took a wrongful deduction or engaged in deliberate tax fraud. The latter is what he’s been charged with; the former is what his attorney, Jeffrey Steinback, told the Chicago Sun-Times is what really happened. He’s accused of falsely stating a $101,000 loss on his 2006 corporate tax return.

Digna Garrett used to run a nursing temp agency. Her business was quite a bit more profitable than she showed on her tax returns. It helps when you leave off $1.1 million in revenue. However, it can also lead to 18 months at ClubFed. She used the money for trips to Las Vegas and the Philippines instead of paying the IRS.

Finally, two stories from the Bozo taxpayers wing. First, Michael Sabo was a realtor in Las Vegas. He owed just under $100,000 to the IRS. The IRS put three liens on his home in suburban Henderson. So what did Mr. Sabo do? He went to the Clark County Recorder’s office, told the clerk he was an IRS agent, and had the liens removed. That didn’t work out so well as Mr. Sabo was charged with impersonating an officer or employee of the United States and with tax evasion. He pleaded guilty last year and was sentenced last week to a year and a day at ClubFed.

Last June Tony and Micaela Dutson pleaded not guilty to “running an $8 million tax fraud scam.” A new indictment was released last week that alleges that the Dutsons “tried to obstruct the IRS by filing baseless liens against four IRS workers.” Additionally, the Dutsons allegedly filed a lawsuit that the government characterizes as “frivolous” against one of the IRS investigators and allegedly lied about making payments in the millions to the individuals investigating them. The original indictment claimed that they were allegedly marketing an illegal tax avoidance program. They were barred back in 2006 from selling the program.

Well, last year’s Tax Offender of the Year attempted to arrest his judge. That wasn’t much of a success. Today we had stories about impersonating an IRS employee and allegedly filing false liens against IRS employees. The Dutsons were already on notice that their activities were being scrutinized. If they committed these acts (at this point in time it’s only an allegation) they are definitely in the running for the 2009 Tax Offender of the Year crown.

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