When Cash Isn’t King

I’ve heard many times that cash is king. Well, that’s not always the case as Leroy Felt, Jr. discovered.

Mr. Felt was the owner of Woody’s Construction in Margate, Florida. He decided to pay his employees in cash. That’s absolutely legal…as long as you make all the necessary payroll deductions. Mr. Felt had a better idea.

He wrote corporate checks to various companies and individuals. They, in turn, gave Mr. Felt the cash (less a small fee kept for the service). Mr. Felt then used the cash to pay his employees. Mr. Felt thought he didn’t need to worry about those pesky payroll taxes.

The government doesn’t like it when you violate trust fund taxes. People who do so end up in prison when they’re caught and they end up paying the tax plus penalties and interest. Mr. Felt got caught, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to ClubFed for four years.

Paying people under the table is a bad idea. If you get caught it’s almost a certainty that ClubFed is in your future.

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Ishtar Comes to Sacramento

Do you remember Ishtar? It was one of Hollywood’s bigger flops. The Wall Street Journal is now comparing Governor Schwarzenegger’s budget policies to that failed film. Is the Journal correct?

Absolutely. Governor Schwarzenegger is proposing raising the sales tax (which is already among the highest in the country). California already has one of the highest income tax rate systems (for both corporate and individual taxes). Only our property tax system can allow for somewhat lower taxes.

As the Journal notes, the budget has grown by 40% in the last four years. California doesn’t have a revenue problem; rather, we have a spending problem. A massive spending problem. I do have a possible solution, though I suspect no legislator is going to like my idea: Cut the budget 25%.

We will need to not just take a scalpel to the budget. We need to take a pick axe and cut anything and everything that doesn’t make sense. All wages of every state employee should be cut at least 20%, including those of our legislators. I know that there are union contracts that may make this impossible. Negotiations should begin immediately with all unions and they be told that the personnel budget for their department is being cut by 20%. All managers/non-union personnel are taking that cut. If you don’t, then 20% of the union personnel will be laid off.

There are numerous programs that will have to go. It might be nice to have a State Tourism Office, but not in these times. Housing and Community Block Development Grants are a nice luxury, but they should go. Likewise Enterprise Zones, the California Film Office, the Office of Military and Aerospace Support, and the Native American Heritage Commission should all go into the trash can.

What I am sure of is that if California doesn’t face up to economic reality outsiders will force it upon them. The Democrats in the Legislature won’t cut; the Republicans won’t add taxes. Eventually, either California will run out of money (likely in February) or the Legislature will reach some sort of compromise.

What’s worse is that I think the budget deficit will be far, far worse next year. What I’m seeing from my clients tells me that there aren’t going to be a lot of large capital gains declared on income tax returns for 2008 and the budget projection for the 2010 fiscal year (beginning in July 2009) is very, very rosy. It’s time for everyone in Sacramento to face reality.

So why not raise taxes? Because if taxes go up businesses that can leave California will likely exercise that option. All of the surrounding states (Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona) have lower tax structures and far better business climates than California. The climate in California is nice, but if taxes go too high business will vote with their feet.

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December 16th Talk on Tax Law Changes

Every year I give a talk to the Exchange Club of Irvine on changes in the tax law. This year I’ll be speaking on Tuesday, December 16th. The talk focuses on changes to both federal and California taxes in 2008 and how they impact individual taxpayers.

You’re welcome to attend and the price is right (free, including lunch and parking) but you must rsvp. The meeting of the Exchange Club runs from 12 noon until 1:30pm at the Irvine Marriott (18000 Von Karman Ave, Irvine). If you’d like to attend just send me an email.

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When You Have to Report a Gift

One question that I’m often asked are about gifts. I’ve just received a large gift or inheritance; must I pay tax on it? The good news is that gifts aren’t taxable to the recipient (if the gift is interest bearing, such as a gift of money in a savings account, you will owe tax on the interest received).

Unfortunately, there are gifts that must be reported even though they’re not taxed. If you receive a gift of more than $100,000 from a non-resident alien individual, or a gift of more than $13,258 from a foreign corporation or a foreign partnership, it must be reported to the IRS on Form 3520. The penalty for not reporting the gift is 5% of the value of the gift per month late, up to a maximum of 25%. There are special rules if you are the recipient of a gift from a foreign trust.

Note that Form 3520 is filed separately from your tax return but is due on the same date as your tax return (including extensions). The IRS has more in this release. Note that the link in the release to the Form 3520 instructions is invalid; the link I have provided works.

Hat Tip: Roth Tax Updates

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It’s Not a Good Idea to Tell Officers That You Don’t Pay Taxes

A man is accused of stalking. The police investigate, and arrest the man. He consents to a search of his apartment. The officers discover cash and electronics, and the man tells the officers that “…As to the large sums of cash on hand, he ventured that he neither trusted banks nor paid any taxes (federal or state).” He’s tried and convicted on tax evasion and appeals.

Hint: If you don’t pay taxes don’t tell that to the police! Joe Kristan has more on this man’s less than successful appeal.

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Bozo Preparers Running Rampant in New York

There are good tax preparers and bad ones. There appear to be plenty of the latter in the Empire State.

The New York Department of Taxation and Finance sent some undercover inspectors to various tax professionals in New York. What they found, as reported in the Wall Street Journal, is enough to make me cringe.

One Queens, New York tax preparer allegedly told an undercover investigator, “I did not declare your full gross income from your business because you will pay a lot of taxes.” That preparer is facing a criminal complaint.

Another reported one-tenth of the taxable income: $13,188 versus $131,884. The Journal didn’t report what excuse was used for that case. And multiple preparers told investigators to shred certain documents so that they wouldn’t have to include it on their tax returns.

But it actually got worse:

In one case, a preparer told an undercover agent to step outside his office and return with a different set of records. When he returned, the preparer told him: “You know why I asked you to do that? Because if I have to swear it, I can say I swear to God that these are the papers you brought to me.”

William Comiskey, Deputy Commissioner of the New York Department of Taxation and Finance, noted that had the fraud gone undetected it would have cost $4 million in tax to federal, state, and local governments. Worse, “evidence of fraud” was found at 40% of the 85 preparers visited.

And this isn’t just a New York problem. A friend of one of my clients was told by his tax ‘professional’ that because options aren’t reported to the IRS you don’t have to claim income earned from options on your tax return. Of course, my client heard that and thought his income was going to be a lot less than he had thought. I had to give the bad news to my client—unless Congress specifically exempts income it’s taxable—and income from options is taxable.

Meanwhile, New York has sent 1,570 “Dear Valued Taxpayer” letters to individuals who used these less than professional tax preparers. Additionally, the state has opened 1,378 fraud investigations through October and had sent 329 cases to prosecutors.

Remember, there’s no free lunch. Use a reputable preparer, and know that if you earn a lot of income you’re going to owe some tax. If it sounds too good to be true it probably is.

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Be Thankful

At the end of the four-day Thanksgiving weekend we should ponder who we should give thanks to. Perhaps the following individuals—mainly from overseas—who have less to be thankful for.

We’ll start in Lucerne, Switzerland. I haven’t been keeping close tabs on the UBS scandal (a Swiss bank which allegedly hid funds for tax scofflaws) but I’m probably going to start. Shock of shocks, UBS has announced that, “…[We] have uncovered a limited number of cases of tax fraud under both U.S. and Swiss law,” according to UBS AG Chairman Peter Kurer. While the data hasn’t been forwarded to US authorities yet, I’m sure that the US indictment of Rauol Weil, head of UBS’ wealth management group, just might have played a part in the pursuit of tax fraud. Mr. Weil is accused of assisting thousands of Americans hiding their identities and accounts from the IRS and aiding in the filing of false income tax returns. I’ll keep you informed as more details emerge.

Next, let’s head to Israel where the Israel Tax Authority has a problem. “It is impossible to estimate tax evasion in Israel. I believe the lower the tax rates, the lower the amount of tax evasion,” said ITA head Yehuda Nasradishi to Haaretz. So what’s the solution? The ITA will now pay informers 20% of any fines collected when they inform on tax evaders. In case you’re wondering the IRS has a similar program, and American whistleblowers can receive up to 30% of the taxes and penalties collected.

A former New London, Connecticut attorney pleaded guilty to tax evasion last week. Gilbert Shasha understated his income in 1999. He reported $112,000 in gross receipts, but he understated his income by $223,000. Mr. Shasha will receive between 10 and 16 months at ClubFed and a fine of between $3,000 and $30,000. Well, math is hard…

So let’s be thankful we’re not a tax evader—and for our health, our families, and our friends.

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Blinders Here, Blinders There

The dysfunctional California legislature was unable to resolve the budget fiasco yesterday. Democrats proposed a plan that would have tripled the car tax and made a few symbolic budget cuts; Republicans refused to vote for it because they want a permanent measure mandating spending limitations.

The new legislature is sworn in next week. Unfortunately, I suspect that the only difference will be the names and Sacramento will be as dysfunctional as ever.

This is having an impact on California’s ability to sell bonds. Interestingly, the prices for bonds may imply that the state has a huge risk of bankruptcy. At least that’s what a British commentator has said.

And California isn’t the only state in such danger. Michigan, Nevada, and New Jersey are on the list, too. Let’s look at each in turn.

Michigan is likely on the list for two reasons: the troubles with the automobile industry and the state’s miserable business climate. The automobile industry dominates Michigan and there’s a real chance that the entire Big Three (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) will declare bankruptcy. There’s even a higher risk of huge job losses as these companies are going to have to restructure. Meanwhile, the government in Michigan raises taxes on all businesses—I’m sure that’s attracting lots of businesses to Michigan….

Nevada has hit a downturn, too. But there’s a big difference between Nevada and California. The legislature in the Silver State and Nevada’s Governor have reached an agreement on a short-term solution (though there appears to be some smoke and mirrors with that). And Democrats there appear to have some sense of fiscal reality. Steven Horsford (D-North Las Vegas), Nevada Senate Majority Leader told AP, “All of the options are very difficult choices…They hurt Nevada citizens in different ways, and none of the options are good ones. But we have to balance this budget in the short term.”

New Jersey has a huge crisis with its pension plan. “New Jersey’s pension fund has lost more than $23 billion this year, dropping to its lowest level since 2003 as a collapsing financial market battered its investments, a new state report shows…The latest losses — nearly $9 billion in October, and another $3 billion so far this month — mean the fund is now worth $57.8 billion, or less than half the $118 billion in benefits it is due to pay out over time.” New Jersey’s pension plan expects an 8.25% return in 2009 and one commentator bluntly said, “That simply is not going to happen.”

Indeed, pension problems are likely occurring in many states. New Jersey invested in the market. That’s great during upturns but not so good during downturns. How many other pension bombs are out there? I’m sure there are plenty.

It’s always better to confront your problems now than to wait until later. At least in Nevada they appear to be doing that. Here in California and in the swamplands of New Jersey the blinders remain on.

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2009 Mileage Rates

The IRS released the 2009 standard mileage rates today:

$0.55/mile for business
$0.24/mile for medical/moving
$0.14/mile for charity

Note that you should keep a written mileage log.

The current business mileage rate is $0.585/mile (it was $0.505/mile through June).

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Tax Payment Relief for Fire Victims

If you are a victim of the recent fires in Southern California, both the IRS and the Franchise Tax Board have given you an extension on tax payments. Both agencies said that impacted taxpayers who were required to make payments, returns, or other time-sensitive acts between November 13, 2008 and February 11, 2009, have until February 11, 2009 to make their payments. There will be no added penalties or interest for impacted taxpayers.

The IRS is also providing an extension for impacted taxpayers for payroll tax deposits due between November 13th and November 28th; those deposits must be made by November 28th.

FTB News Release
IRS Press Release

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