Nexus, My Nexus, Where Have You Been?

There are two concepts that tax accountants have trouble explaining to clients: basis and nexus. And this leads to two recent items that have as their basis nexus.

First, on December 31st, the New Mexico Supreme Court ruled that a corporation with no physical presence in New Mexico can be forced to pay New Mexico income tax. The case dealt with a subsidiary of Michigan based K-Mart. K-Mart put intellectual property into the subsidiary. The subsidiary had no physical presence in New Mexico. New Mexico claimed that the subsidiary was formed just to lower the corporate parent’s tax bill, and served no real business purpose; thus, the subsidiary must pay corporate income tax. (Also argued was whether New Mexico’s gross receipts tax applied to the subsidiary. The New Mexico Supreme Court held unanimously that it doesn’t.)

Now, this case is interesting, but it likely will not be the last word. I mean, do corporations really structure transactions to avoid taxes? And do states write their tax codes to force businesses to structure deals in bizarre ways just for tax purposes? Well, I should probably tone down my sarcasm….But really, until a case comes up where a corporation has no physical presence in a state, and that state attempts to force the corporation to file and pay that state’s corporate income tax, will I be worried about the impact on small companies.

Separately, Business Week recently commented about the coming of a uniform sales tax allowing all Internet transactions to be taxed. The Streamlined Sales Tax Project is a group of states working on a means for a uniform sales tax so that states can get around the famous Quill Corp v. North Dakota decision. Business Week believes that the streamlined sales tax will happen really soon.

I believe the reality, at least for Californians, is that we won’t see this for many years. Perhaps other states are working towards a streamlined tax, with few differences in rates. California, though, continues to pass sales tax rate changes for numerous special districts. Consider just Fresno County. Fresno County has one tax rate, while the City of Clovis has another. And both of those rates are different from anywhere else in the state. There are at least two sales tax increases on the June ballot in California. Thus, I don’t see sales tax uniformity coming any time soon to the Golden State.

News Story: Santa Fe New Mexican

Posted in New Mexico | 1 Comment

BOE Flood Relief

For taxpayers in Northern California impacted by the recent storms, the Board of Equalization has extended deadlines for filing California sales tax and fees collected by the BOE by one month. Returns (and payments) originally due on January 31st are now due on February 28th for businesses in these counties:

Butte, Del Norte, El Dorado, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sacramento, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Sierra, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Sutter, Trinity, Yolo and Yuba.

Impacted businesses must complete BOE Form 468 (Request for Extension) and BOE Form 27 (Penalty and Interest Relief for Disaster Victims). The BOE has indicated that they may allow late filers who do not complete the forms relief if they include a statement signed under penalty of perjury that they were impacted by the storms.

News Story: San Mateo County Times

BOE Notice

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A Brief Note on Business Information Returns/Filings

Now that we’re in 2006, it’s time for me to go back to work. First on the agenda will be business information returns/filings, such as W-2s and 1099s. These forms must be distributed by January 31st, but do not have to be sent in to the government until February 28th (if you file the forms electronically, March 31st).

The most common form 1099 sent is the 1099-MISC. This form covers non-employee compensation, rents, payments to attorneys, and royalties. In general, a 1099-MISC must be issued if the payments during 2005 total $600 or more ($10 or more for royalties). Most payments to corporations are exempt from reporting on a 1099.

If you’re in California, you must also report this information to the Franchise Tax Board (FTB). If you file using paper returns to the IRS, the IRS will forward the filings to the FTB and you need not file directly with the FTB. However, if you file electronically, you must also file electronically with the FTB. California has stringent penalties regarding non-filings of information returns (far stricter than the federal penalties). We encourage all of our California clients to require that before any payments are made to a supplier/vendor that a W-9 be obtained.

If you’re one of our clients and want us to prepare your 1099s, please contact our office when you’re ready.

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The TaxProf Blog’s Top 2005 Tax Stories

The TaxProf Blog published its top 10 for 2005. Their top ten includes the Kanter/Ballard Tax Court case, the telecommuter tax case, and the federal tax reform initiative. There are other items on the list, of course. I could quibble with some of the items that are left out, but the collective brainpower on the TaxProf blog far exceeds my own (especially at 7:00am).

You can find the list here.

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The 2005 Tax Offender of the Year

Boy, what a year. And what choices we have in naming our 2005 Offender of the Year. The nominees include,

– Richard Hatch, who had over 300 million witnesses to winning $1 million on Survivor, but didn’t include the winnings on his tax return (among other alleged problems);

– John Ashton Wray, Jr., and Judge Michael Luttig of the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals. Judge Luttig wrote an opinion that says that Wray’s failure to file income tax returns, “is not a serious crime.” (Hat Tip: TaxProf Blog);

– David Guardino, of Caryville, TN (hat tip, Roth Tax Updates). Mr. Guardino is a self-proclaimed psychic accused of tax evasion. Didn’t he know this was coming?

– Willy Witzel (courtesy of Roth Tax Updates). Mr. Witzel’s son, Roy, prepared his tax return. When Roy explained his tax return to Willy, Roy got angry and attacked Willy with a sword. Both were martial arts experts. Roy, in self-defense, had to kill his father. (Read the whole story from the link above.)

– All of the taxpayers who claimed that there is no income tax in front of the Tax Court.

And our winner is…

Sharon Lee Caulder, formerly of Oakland and now from New Orleans, our voodoo priestess who wrote a book and was convicted of tax evasion. She did not include the $1.7 million she earned between 1998 and 2002 (mainly from sales of her book, Mark of Voodoo, on her tax returns. As I wrote when she was convicted, “Voodoo is more profitable than I realized, especially if your net income after taxes is the same as your net income before taxes (until Uncle Sam catches you).” Ms. Caulder will be sentenced in February, and faces up to 15 years in prison and fines of up to $1 million.

Thanks to all of our lucky participants and I’m sure we’ll have just as good a bunch of players in 2006.


Posted in Tax Fraud | Tagged | 1 Comment

The Last Days of ’05

With just two days left in 2005, there are only a few things that you can do today or tomorrow that have tax impacts. You could have a baby. Or you could give to charity (if you use a credit card, make sure the processing is done today or tomorrow). Otherwise, only IRAs remain—you have until April 15th for those.

My software provider is starting to send me state tax updates. California is not yet available, but a few states are. I dislike using version 1.0 of any software because I prefer having others work out the bugs. In any event, most of my clients don’t receive all of their paperwork (1099s, etc.) until late January or early February.

Finally, to everyone, a happy, safe, and healthy New Year.

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Hatch Facing January 10th Trial

Richard Hatch, the Survivor winner who allegedly elected to stiff the IRS, faces a January 10th trial date in Providence, Rhode Island on ten counts of tax evasion, filing a false income tax return, wire fraud, bank fraud, and mail fraud. Yesterday Hatch lost three motions, where he attempted to have his case continued (postponed), some charges separated, and to force the IRS to disclose how much in taxes he allegedly owes.

For those who don’t remember, early in 2005 Hatch agreed to a plea agreement but then he backed out of it. The plea agreement Hatch rejected would have had him pay his tax, plus interest and penalties, and have him serve two years in prison. Hatch now faces up to 73 years in prison, and fines of over $1 million. Hatch won exactly $1 million in CBS’ first Survivor show.

Where are those immunity cards when you need them?

News Story: The Providence Journal

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The Grinch Is Alive and Well in Pennsylvania

Pity those of you who own businesses in Pennsylvania. For your elected officials have no pity, and just days before Christmas put lumps of coal in your stockings.

Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell (D) vetoed a package of business tax cuts last Friday. Rendell claimed that the tax cuts would have cost Pennsylvania over $1 billion in lost revenue. Proponents of the tax cuts noted that, “If our citizens have good jobs, they don’t need government programs. Proponents vow an attempt at overriding the veto during the 2006 legislative session.

Earlier, the mayor of Philadelphia, John Street, announced that he would veto a cut in the city’s business privilege tax. The measure, which had just passed the city council on a 9 to 6 vote, would have cut the net profits portion of the tax from 6.5% to 6.3125% and cut the gross receipts portion from 0.19% to 0.11875%. Both of these cuts would have been effective in 2010.

Pennsylvania in general and Philadelphia in particular is definitely not the spot I’d choose for my next business.

Coverage:

Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Business Journal

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I’m Too Cynical: 2005 In Review

…Or so I’ve been told.

But as I continue to age (a phenomenon that I’ve been assured will continue) I have begun to wonder if Mark Twain was correct, when he said, “Suppose you were an idiot and suppose you were a member of Congress. But I repeat myself.” Congress has shown a complete lack of fortitude in regards to taxation.

I am getting ahead of myself a bit. First, we have the Kelo v. New London Supreme Court decision, where private property rights took a back seat to the long hand of legislatures everywhere. Then we have the California Legislature conforming with most of the changes in federal taxes, but ignoring HSAs.

2005 will long be remembered for the disastrous hurricanes, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. Congress did some good by passing tax relief for those impacted by the disasters. However, Congress couldn’t resist playing the morality card by excluding relief for “morally challenged” industries, such as gambling. It’s not as if gambling has done anything for Mississippi’s Gulf Coast region. I mean, back in the late 1970s the area was horribly poor, with few prospects for improvement. After the introduction of casinos, the area’s economy grew tremendously. However, Congress can’t be seen helping out the “sinners.” (Please also read Professor Maule’s excellent commentary on this issue.)

I would not want to forget the IRS as 2005 draws to a close. Indeed, the IRS attempted, in the name of “improving customer service” to close some taxpayer information offices. (Here, at least, Congress interceded to stop the closure.) More recently, the IRS wanted to cut three hours from their customer help lines; the recently passed defense appropriation bill contains language preventing such a closure. Of course, the quality of IRS telephone help remains at the usual, high level—only 25% of callers receive incorrect information.

And as 2005 drew to a close, Congress began debating extending AMT relief, extending the lower dividend tax rates, and other tax relief items. Any relief has been postponed until 2006. This one deserves watching, because the AMT is poised to strike millions if something isn’t done.

Of course, no holiday year-in-review article would be complete without noting the positive things that have happened in 2005. Congress continues to monkey with adapt the tax code for changing times, making it easier to work with easier for professional tax preparers such as myself to get work, and have lifetime employment. State legislatures, such as California’s, continue to lower tax rates and decrease regulations continue to pass more regulations forcing us to live in a nanny state. At least on the local level, things are different. It’s not as if Irvine has any huge public works boondoggles in the future, things like a Great Park, that would undoubtedly need taxpayer funding at some later date. (At least this last item probably won’t come home to roost for ten years or so.)

Finally, have a wonderful holiday season. Whether you celebrate Christmas, Hanukkah, or any other holiday, I wish you and yours a wonderful, safe and merry season. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year.

Posted in IRS | 3 Comments

Business vs. Hobby

One of the most vexing things for the layman is the difference between a hobby loss and a business loss. Because the US taxes all income earned worldwide, it makes no difference whether you earn money in a hobby or in a business: it’s taxable. (Of course, the deductions available differ for businesses, but that’s another story.)

There have been numerous Tax Court cases regarding hobby losses. Most of the time, these “hobby losses” are just that—taxpayers are attempting to deduct their losses in their (for example) basketweaving business. One such case is Morrisey v. Commissioner (T.C. Summary 2005-86), where the Tax Court ruled that the petitioner conducted his drag racing for a profit, not as a hobby.

Today, though, we look at a case where the petitioner desired that his activity was a hobby, not a business. Joseph Hachem, of Melbourne, Australia, won the main event at the World Series of Poker this past July in Las Vegas. He won $7.5 million. The IRS immediately took $2.25 million, leaving the Aussie with $5.25 million. (There is no tax treaty between the United States and Australia. Under the US Tax Code, if a non-US citizen wins certain gambling prizes, 30% of the winnings must be withheld.)

And then it was the Australian Tax Office’s turn at Mr. Hachem. Australian tax law is different from that of the United States; gambling is not taxable down under for the non-professional. But professional gamblers are taxed on their winnings. So was Mr. Hachem, who has since become a professional poker player, a professional gambler or was he still a mortgage broker? If he were a professional, he would lose about 35% of his winnings, or just over 3.5 million Australian Dollars.

The Australian Tax Office ruled today that Mr. Hachem was still a mortgage broker when he won the World Series. So he’ll get to keep his $5.25 million (7,171,000 Australian Dollars). As his attorney, Peter Donovan, said, “…[The] fact that you excel at a particular hobby should not be fatal for tax purposes.”

Coverage available here and here.

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