44 Days

44 days isn’t much time. It’s about a month and a half. Yet in the bizarre world of the Affordable Care Act (aka ObamaCare), it’s a big deal. Over the coming weeks I’m going to be looking at various provisions in light of the current law and the current difficulties–perhaps impossiblities–of individuals to actually sign up and obtain a policy. Consumer Reports is suggesting that perhaps a solution to signing up is to wait a while–at least a month; hopefully by then the software glitches will be gone.

Anyway, back to the point of this post, 44 days. Nancy Pelosi famously said, “But we have to pass the bill [ObamaCare] so that you can find out what is in it.” Well, there are some interesting deadlines in ObamaCare:

December 15th: Date you need to be enrolled by for coverage to take effect on January 1, 2014 [1];
February 15, 2014: Date you must have coverage by in order to be exempt from the Individual Mandate Tax; and
March 31, 2014: Final date to enroll for calendar year 2014.

The Obama Administration was unaware that someone who enrolls on February 16, 2014 will be subject to the individual mandate penalty tax until it was pointed out to them. The penalty for 2014 is $95 or 1% of Adjusted Gross Income, whichever is greater. I suspect for much of my client base the 1% of AGI will be greater, perhaps far greater than $95. Consider an amateur gambler who has $100,000 of gambling wins and $100,000 of gambling losses and who makes $100,000 of salary. He’s looking at a $2,000 penalty. Still, given the cost of health insurance under ObamaCare that might be a more financially prudent choice.

But do be aware that the true deadline is February 15th, not March 31st. It’s yet another quirk in the law.


[1] It is unclear if dates that fall on weekends–December 15th falls on a Sunday–cause the deadline to be extended a day. As best as I can tell, the answer to that is no…but I did not read the 3,000 page legislation.

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Coloradans Have a Chance to Increase Business…In Utah, Idaho and Other Neighboring States

Colorado Seal

It’s an off year for elections, but Coloradans have a chance to help neighboring states: Amendment 66 on the state ballot would increase taxes in Colorado. Colorado’s current income tax is a flat 4.63%; the ballot initiative would increase this to 5% on the first $75,000 of income and 5.9% above that. Shock of shocks, the initiative is supported by teachers…because they want pay increases because they want better education for children through lower class sizes and better paid trained teachers.

The initiative only increases individual income taxes, but today most businesses are flow-through entities. These are partnerships, LLCs (my business is an LLC), and S-Corporations. They pay taxes on the individual level and generally not on the corporate level. What happens when taxes goes up? Let’s put it bluntly: It’s not good for the economy overall. Private industry is far more efficient than the government, so when taxes go up, overall the economy suffers. The Tax Foundation today released a report that mirrors my thinking on this.

The voters of Colorado will get to decide this on November 5th.

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When They Can’t Get You for the Real Crime, There’s Always Tax Evasion

One of my clients a few days ago asked me jokingly–she’s been a client for years, so I know when she’s joking, “If I had a stream of illegal cash income, do I have to declare it on my tax return?” Of course you do–illegal income is just as taxable as legal income. From as far back as Al Capone to others more recently, such as Johnny Ray Taylor, the government has found that crooks who make illegal income tend to also not report that income; sometimes its easier to get the crook for tax evasion than the underlying offense.

Everyone’s heard of Al Capone, but who is Johnny Ray Taylor? Well, Mr. Taylor is a resident of nearby Henderson whose main source of income appears to have been pimping. Indeed, he’s apparently going to soon plead guilty state felony charges of pandering and living off of prostitution. Back in May, Mr. Taylor pled guilty to one count of tax evasion. On Wednesday he was sentenced to 25 months at ClubFed, must make restitution of $117,559 to the IRS (what he earned as a pimp), and will then have three years of supervised release. It is likely that Mr. Taylor will be able to serve his state charges concurrently with his time at ClubFed.

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It’s One Minute Before Midnight…

…for most of us who file tax returns. The deadline is Tuesday, October 15th at midnight for those on extension. That’s it–there’s no tomorrow (well, there is…but not for filing) with three exceptions (noted below). So what should you do?

1. File a return as best you can. Most true tax professionals are going to be very busy through Tuesday–you are likely on your own (unless you made arrangements; I do have a client coming in the office on Monday but he made arrangements a month ago). The IRS website is quite good; so are most state tax websites. They can help you in what you need.

2. Don’t ignore paperwork because you don’t like it! If you have a 1099 and you don’t include it on your return, the IRS computer will likely figure that out.

3. If you don’t receive a K-1 but you should have, contact the entity on Monday and see if you can get a copy. If the entity has vanished–I have a client where the K-1 issuer is out of business, and the bankruptcy trustee has not filed the entity’s 2012 returns–include what you think should be on the K-1 on your return and include a Form 8082 (Hat Tip: Joe Kristan) to explain what you’ve done and why.

4. If you can’t pay anything or everything, still file the return! If you don’t file, you will get hit with the late filing penalty…based on April 15th! It would be the same as if you had never filed the extension. That penalty can be up to 25% of the tax due on your return. File the return–it’s a no-brainer.

5. File electronically, or use certified mail, return receipt requested. Get proof of your filing. Note that the Post Office is closed on Monday for Columbus Day.

6. If it’s after the Post Office has closed, used an Automated Postal Center (available in many post offices). You can pay for certified mail from these machines, and the date-stamp of the postage will be the date when you purchase the postage. If it’s 11:35pm on October 15th when you buy the postage, it will show up as October 15th on the stamp even if the envelope isn’t picked up until the next day!

7. Three exceptions on the October 15th deadline: Individuals impacted by the flooding in Colorado have until December 2nd to file their returns. Individuals who filed Form 2350 for their extensions (this form is used for individuals taking the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion, and their Exclusion period does not end until after the October 15th extension deadline) have until the date on their Form 2350 to file their returns. And finally, individuals outside of the US on April 15th and who will be outside of the US on October 15th can request a second extension until December 15th (December 16th this year as the 15th is on a Sunday). Note that this request is not guaranteed to be accepted.

8. And don’t forget your state tax returns (if applicable).

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The 2014 State Business Tax Climate Index: Bring Me the Usual Suspects

The Tax Foundation released its 2014 State Business Tax Climate Index. In what will shock few readers of this blog, the usual suspects remain at both the top and bottom of the list.

First, let’s look at the top states–the best for business:

1. Wyoming
2. South Dakota
3. Nevada
4. Alaska
5. Florida
6. Washington
7. Montana
8. New Hampshire
9. Utah
10. Indiana

What do these states share? Generally, low taxes (and in the case of some of these states, no income tax). But as the Tax Foundation noted, “But this does not mean that a state cannot rank in the top ten while still levying all the major taxes. Indiana, which ousted Texas from the top ten this year, and Utah have all the major tax types, but levy them with low rates on broad bases.”

What happens when you have high taxes, complex taxes, and non-neutral taxes? You end up in the bottom ten:

41. Maryland
42. Connecticut
43. Wisconsin
44. North Carolina
45. Vermont
46. Rhode Island
47. Minnesota
48. California
49. New Jersey
50. New York

Let’s take my home state, Nevada, and compare it with California (my old state) to see why each ranks where they do. The Tax Foundation looked at five taxes: Corporate Tax, Individual Income Tax, Sales Tax, Unemployment Insurance Tax, and Property Tax.

Nevada doesn’t have a corporate tax or an individual income tax, so the state is tied at number one for both. California ranks dead last on the individual income tax. Not only does the Bronze Golden State have the highest state tax rate, there are numerous conformity issues (with federal taxes), and a tax bureaucracy that is hard to work with. California is below average for the corporate tax. This isn’t because California is that good; rather, there are states that are far worse.

Nevada and California rank 40th and 41st respectively on sales tax. Both states have complex systems with rates that vary in different districts. Additionally, both states have fairly high sales tax rates. California significantly outranks Nevada on Unemployment Insurance Tax. Nevada’s tax rate is one of the highest; California’s is relatively low with conformity on the maximum income base for this tax ($7,000). Nevada slightly outranks California on property tax (9th versus 14th). California’s low ranking is because of limits from Proposition 13. It’s something that gives certainty and is probably the third rail of California politics.

What most observers forget is the importance of the individual income tax. Most businesses pay tax through individual income taxes, not corporate taxes. S Corporations, LLCs, LLPs, general and limited partnerships, and sole proprietorships are flow-through entities that are taxed on the individual level. States that provide low rates on individual income taxes generally do better for businesses. While California is known for its entrepreneurs (think Silicon Valley), its tax climate discourages such ventures.

And for those who think that taxes don’t matter, I’m in Nevada as a result of taxes and California’s miserable business climate. Nissan moved its headquarters from California to Tennessee, and taxes were a big factor. For both small and large businesses (and everyone in between), these issues count. The Tax Foundation’s full study is well worth your perusal.

Posted in California, Legislation, Nevada | Tagged | 1 Comment

Yet Another Reminder that a License Doesn’t Always Mean Ethical Behavior

While we wait for the Loving appeal decision to come out, yet another reminder that not all licensed tax professionals are ethical. Here, we just have allegations of fraud, so it is definitely possible that the alleged villain of the story is innocent. Nevertheless, the story is too rich to not bring up.

Anyway, from Portland, Oregon, comes the indictment of Steven Cyr. Mr. Cyr is a tax attorney. He’s been charged with two felony counts of overstating the expenses on his own tax returns (for 2006 and 2007). According to a story in Willamette Week, Mr. Cyr reported expenses of $524,678 in 2006 and $408,767 in 2007; the indictment alleges that the total expense figures are inflated. Mr. Cyr is also being investigated by the Oregon Bar.

In any case, this indictment also shows that the IRS does have means of going after tax professionals who do commit crimes. If I were to commit tax crimes, the IRS can sue me and bar me from ever preparing tax returns. They can being proceedings to revoke my license–my license comes from the federal government. If I do something truly rotten, I can be indicted for those crimes.

The idea that just because people have licenses that they will all suddenly go the straight and narrow is laughable. There were tax crimes years ago; there will be tax crimes in the years that follow…licensing or not.

Posted in Oregon, Tax Fraud | 1 Comment

Sometimes, Pigs Do Fly (California Repeals FTB’s QSB Tax Grab)

I look out the window of my office, and I saw the pig that flies:

A flying pig?

[The Flying Pig is via a Creative Commons license, from Wikipedia. And, no, I didn’t see one flying by my office in Las Vegas.]

California Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation “repealing” the Franchise Tax Board’s grab of revenue via the QSB decision. For those who don’t remember, last year a court ruled that California couldn’t discriminate against owners of Qualified Small Business Stock who reinvested the proceeds in a non-California company. So the Franchise Tax Board had ruled that anyone who did this would be subject to back taxes on the proceeds of their QSB stock. It was a decision that had California’s tech community in an uproar.

Kudos to Governor Jerry Brown who officially put the end to the FTB’s tax grab. He signed legislation that through legislation states that entrepreneurs and others who followed the law do not have to pay back taxes, penalties, and interest to California.

So pigs did fly in Sacramento…at least for one day.

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Some Things Still Work; Others Don’t (IRS Shutdown)

With the IRS being basically closed, some services are still available. Tonight I was able to log into e-services and print a transcript for a client–a client I already had a Power of Attorney for. Yesterday, a new client came in needing back tax returns prepared; he’s on hold until we can obtain transcripts. He’ll probably have his bank records prior to his transcripts (and those will take two to four weeks).

Another piece of mixed news: Audits have been put on hold. The bad is that I had two audits last week that will almost certainly result in “No Change” letters…eventually.

A piece of bad news: Automated Underreporting (AUR) Notices will continue. They’re automated, so there’s no stopping them. These are notices like the CP2000. What if you need more time, or the notice makes no sense? A year ago, a client received a CP2000 that alleged he owed additional tax. In the “Information to Review” section was this helpful piece of information, “We have no information for you.” When I called the IRS up and explained my difficulty in responding, the woman who answered agreed that it was hard in this case to respond. The IRS issued a second (corrected) CP2000 that explained what they thought was happening, and my client could respond appropriately.

Now though, there’s no way to get that help. Worse, the deadlines still exist. So what should a taxpayer do? Respond to the notice using certified mail, return receipt requested. In the above situation, I’d write a letter stating that the notice makes no sense (enclosing a copy of the notice and any other backup information.) If the shutdown is brief, this won’t be a big deal. If it’s lengthy, this could end up being a mess. Let’s say Joe Taxpayer receives a CP2000 on October 2nd. He responds on October 22nd but the envelope is never opened. Will a second notice be sent out? Will a Notice of Deficiency follow even though the taxpayer has disputed the notice? Hopefully, the shutdown won’t last that long and this will be a non-issue. (I’d expect the IRS to stop issuing CP2000 notices if this drags into weeks.)

Of course, twice this year the IRS has lost responses I sent in to notices (and I had proof the IRS received the responses), so maybe the shutdown will improve things.

Finally, tax returns are still due on October 15th. If you don’t file electronically, make sure you mail your returns using certified mail, return receipt requested.

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The FBAR Has Changed

Tax professionals can now file FBARs (Form TD F 90-22.1) for clients. We have to have our client sign Form 114a authorizing the preparer to efile the FBAR. Today, when I went to file an FBAR for a client, I was greeted with a very colorful new FBAR. The form also has a new number: FINCEN Form 114.

The form has seven pages (groan). The data-entry portions are the same; however, there is now a pull-down menu on page 1 for the reason for late filing (where applicable):

Page 1 of New FBAR

Not shown on the pull-down menu is “Other Explanation.” You can then enter a lengthy explanation if need be.

There’s now also a place for tax professionals to enter their information when we file the form for clients; this is on page 7 of the form:

Page 7 of New FBAR

Unfortunately, many of the entry boxes uses pull-downs which don’t allow you to just type, say, “NV” for Nevada. Instead, you type an N (or an O) and then move the slider bar down or up to select Nevada. This is definitely annoying when you enter countries for foreign financial accounts.

FINCEN has said that they are working with the IRS and eventually we’ll be able to file FBARs through tax software. I’m likely going to take the over on anyone’s bets for when that will happen….

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The Government Shutdown and Taxes

Apparently the Republicans and Democrats couldn’t get their heads together yesterday, and the government has partially shut down. What does that mean for taxes?

Your tax returns on extension are still due on October 15th. That deadline is statutory, so nothing changes.

If you received an IRS notice, the deadline still applies. Just don’t expect to get a response in an expedient fashion.

The IRS help lines are closed. This includes most walk-in centers and the 800 numbers. Given that IRS help over the phone is often wrong, this may be a blessing for some. However, where it will hurt is the ability to order transcripts. Let’s say John comes into my office and wants to get current with his taxes. I can’t order transcripts until the IRS processes the Power of Attorney…and that’s not going to happen.

Your audit isn’t happening. IRS examinations will be on hold. Again, this does not change the deadline for responding to correspondence exams, but that face-to-face audit will need to be rescheduled.

Based on what I’ve read, Tax Court remains open. This likely means that appeals related to Tax Court will continue.

The government has shut down 17 times since the mid-1970s. We’re still here, and I expect we’ll be here whenever this shutdown ends.

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