Yet Another Reminder that a License Doesn’t Always Mean Ethical Behavior

While we wait for the Loving appeal decision to come out, yet another reminder that not all licensed tax professionals are ethical. Here, we just have allegations of fraud, so it is definitely possible that the alleged villain of the story is innocent. Nevertheless, the story is too rich to not bring up.

Anyway, from Portland, Oregon, comes the indictment of Steven Cyr. Mr. Cyr is a tax attorney. He’s been charged with two felony counts of overstating the expenses on his own tax returns (for 2006 and 2007). According to a story in Willamette Week, Mr. Cyr reported expenses of $524,678 in 2006 and $408,767 in 2007; the indictment alleges that the total expense figures are inflated. Mr. Cyr is also being investigated by the Oregon Bar.

In any case, this indictment also shows that the IRS does have means of going after tax professionals who do commit crimes. If I were to commit tax crimes, the IRS can sue me and bar me from ever preparing tax returns. They can being proceedings to revoke my license–my license comes from the federal government. If I do something truly rotten, I can be indicted for those crimes.

The idea that just because people have licenses that they will all suddenly go the straight and narrow is laughable. There were tax crimes years ago; there will be tax crimes in the years that follow…licensing or not.

Posted in Oregon, Tax Fraud | 1 Comment

Sometimes, Pigs Do Fly (California Repeals FTB’s QSB Tax Grab)

I look out the window of my office, and I saw the pig that flies:

A flying pig?

[The Flying Pig is via a Creative Commons license, from Wikipedia. And, no, I didn’t see one flying by my office in Las Vegas.]

California Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation “repealing” the Franchise Tax Board’s grab of revenue via the QSB decision. For those who don’t remember, last year a court ruled that California couldn’t discriminate against owners of Qualified Small Business Stock who reinvested the proceeds in a non-California company. So the Franchise Tax Board had ruled that anyone who did this would be subject to back taxes on the proceeds of their QSB stock. It was a decision that had California’s tech community in an uproar.

Kudos to Governor Jerry Brown who officially put the end to the FTB’s tax grab. He signed legislation that through legislation states that entrepreneurs and others who followed the law do not have to pay back taxes, penalties, and interest to California.

So pigs did fly in Sacramento…at least for one day.

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Some Things Still Work; Others Don’t (IRS Shutdown)

With the IRS being basically closed, some services are still available. Tonight I was able to log into e-services and print a transcript for a client–a client I already had a Power of Attorney for. Yesterday, a new client came in needing back tax returns prepared; he’s on hold until we can obtain transcripts. He’ll probably have his bank records prior to his transcripts (and those will take two to four weeks).

Another piece of mixed news: Audits have been put on hold. The bad is that I had two audits last week that will almost certainly result in “No Change” letters…eventually.

A piece of bad news: Automated Underreporting (AUR) Notices will continue. They’re automated, so there’s no stopping them. These are notices like the CP2000. What if you need more time, or the notice makes no sense? A year ago, a client received a CP2000 that alleged he owed additional tax. In the “Information to Review” section was this helpful piece of information, “We have no information for you.” When I called the IRS up and explained my difficulty in responding, the woman who answered agreed that it was hard in this case to respond. The IRS issued a second (corrected) CP2000 that explained what they thought was happening, and my client could respond appropriately.

Now though, there’s no way to get that help. Worse, the deadlines still exist. So what should a taxpayer do? Respond to the notice using certified mail, return receipt requested. In the above situation, I’d write a letter stating that the notice makes no sense (enclosing a copy of the notice and any other backup information.) If the shutdown is brief, this won’t be a big deal. If it’s lengthy, this could end up being a mess. Let’s say Joe Taxpayer receives a CP2000 on October 2nd. He responds on October 22nd but the envelope is never opened. Will a second notice be sent out? Will a Notice of Deficiency follow even though the taxpayer has disputed the notice? Hopefully, the shutdown won’t last that long and this will be a non-issue. (I’d expect the IRS to stop issuing CP2000 notices if this drags into weeks.)

Of course, twice this year the IRS has lost responses I sent in to notices (and I had proof the IRS received the responses), so maybe the shutdown will improve things.

Finally, tax returns are still due on October 15th. If you don’t file electronically, make sure you mail your returns using certified mail, return receipt requested.

Posted in IRS | Tagged | 1 Comment

The FBAR Has Changed

Tax professionals can now file FBARs (Form TD F 90-22.1) for clients. We have to have our client sign Form 114a authorizing the preparer to efile the FBAR. Today, when I went to file an FBAR for a client, I was greeted with a very colorful new FBAR. The form also has a new number: FINCEN Form 114.

The form has seven pages (groan). The data-entry portions are the same; however, there is now a pull-down menu on page 1 for the reason for late filing (where applicable):

Page 1 of New FBAR

Not shown on the pull-down menu is “Other Explanation.” You can then enter a lengthy explanation if need be.

There’s now also a place for tax professionals to enter their information when we file the form for clients; this is on page 7 of the form:

Page 7 of New FBAR

Unfortunately, many of the entry boxes uses pull-downs which don’t allow you to just type, say, “NV” for Nevada. Instead, you type an N (or an O) and then move the slider bar down or up to select Nevada. This is definitely annoying when you enter countries for foreign financial accounts.

FINCEN has said that they are working with the IRS and eventually we’ll be able to file FBARs through tax software. I’m likely going to take the over on anyone’s bets for when that will happen….

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The Government Shutdown and Taxes

Apparently the Republicans and Democrats couldn’t get their heads together yesterday, and the government has partially shut down. What does that mean for taxes?

Your tax returns on extension are still due on October 15th. That deadline is statutory, so nothing changes.

If you received an IRS notice, the deadline still applies. Just don’t expect to get a response in an expedient fashion.

The IRS help lines are closed. This includes most walk-in centers and the 800 numbers. Given that IRS help over the phone is often wrong, this may be a blessing for some. However, where it will hurt is the ability to order transcripts. Let’s say John comes into my office and wants to get current with his taxes. I can’t order transcripts until the IRS processes the Power of Attorney…and that’s not going to happen.

Your audit isn’t happening. IRS examinations will be on hold. Again, this does not change the deadline for responding to correspondence exams, but that face-to-face audit will need to be rescheduled.

Based on what I’ve read, Tax Court remains open. This likely means that appeals related to Tax Court will continue.

The government has shut down 17 times since the mid-1970s. We’re still here, and I expect we’ll be here whenever this shutdown ends.

Posted in IRS | Tagged | 1 Comment

Attorney Found Guilty of 28 Tax Charges, but Does Get Nomination for Tax Offender of the Year

Donald Wanland, Jr. is described as a “financially successful” attorney. A resident of El Dorado Hills, California (a Sacramento suburb), Mr. Wanland practices in real estate, business litigation, and construction litigation. Perhaps I should change that to practiced because a trip to ClubFed appears to be in his future.

Mr. Wanland may have earned lots of money–his tax returns from 2000 through 2003 showed income of more than $1.5 million–but he didn’t like paying taxes. Now, most of us don’t like paying taxes but we do so anyway as the consequences of not doing so can be problematic (especially for an attorney). Mr. Wanland, though, had other ideas. At least he filed those tax returns (showing tax due of $448,451); he just didn’t pay those taxes. The DOJ press release notes that Mr. Wanland didn’t pay all of his taxes in the 1990s either.

Well, what did Mr. Wanland do after 2003? He didn’t file returns (though he earned over $1 million from 2004 – 2007). When the IRS issued a levy in 2005, Mr. Wanland decided that a good strategy was to hide all of his income through nominee accounts. (Here’s a helpful hint to others considering such a strategy: Don’t do this!) Meanwhile, Mr. Wanland continued to spend money on vacations, two new cars (a Mercedes Benz and a Cadillac Escalade), gambling at Las Vegas casinos (well, as a Las Vegas resident I’m not as upset with this), and a pool at his home. These were not good ideas when he owed significant tax to the IRS. Oh, I should mention he also made false statements to the IRS.

These are felonies, something an attorney should be knowledgeable about (and want to avoid). A jury on Thursday found that Mr. Wanland was guilty of 28 tax-related charges. Given that the amount of tax involved, I suspect Mr. Wanland is looking at four years at ClubFed. There’s also a likely fine, and restitution.

Mr. Wanland does have one thing to look forward to: He did receive a nomination for my Tax Offender of the Year Award.

Posted in Tax Evasion | Tagged | 1 Comment

It’s Only $67 Million that We Can’t Find…

Have you ever lost something? Of course you have–we all have had experiences where we can’t find that paper we need. Of course, just after we get the second copy of the paper we find the original (Murphy’s Law at work). I’m sure most of us have misplaced some money or your wallet. However, I doubt that most of us have misplaced $67 million.

Earlier this week TIGTA, the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, issued an audit on the Affordable Care Act. The report, dated September 18th, was sent out on the 25th and is titled, “Affordable Care Act: Tracking of Health Insurance Reform Implementation Fund Costs Could be Improved.”

I put the report aside until this morning, and was stunned when I read this paragraph:

Some Affordable Care Act Implementation Costs Were Inaccurate or Not Tracked and Supporting Documentation Was Not Always Maintained

Our review found that the tracking of costs related to the ACA implementation could be improved. Specifically, we found that costs charged to HIRIF funding relating to direct labor were sometimes inaccurate and not always substantiated by reliable supporting documentation. We also found that the IRS did not track all costs associated with implementation of the ACA, including costs not applied to the HIRIF. Specifically, the IRS did not account for or attempt to quantify approximately $67 million of indirect ACA costs incurred for FYs 2010 through 2012. Indirect costs include, for example, providing employees with workspace and information technology support.

There’s more, too. “The IRS did not track all costs associated with the implementation of the ACA.” Those indirect costs were not tracked. The IRS, which is not flush with funds, had the ability to get funding for indirect ACA costs by using funds from a $1 billion Health Insurance Reform Implementation Fund (HIRIF). However, IRS management did not believe that indirect costs should be recovered from HIRIF…so the IRS (and we, the taxpayers) are out those funds.

On the bright side, the IRS agreed with TIGTA’s recommendations in the report and will be tracking these costs in the future. Unfortunately, the HIRIF is likely gone for future years.

This is yet another black eye for the IRS.

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Thigh Injury the Least of Messi’s Problems

Football Soccer star Lionel Messi injured his thigh in yesterday’s game against Almeria (a game his team won, 2-0). Messi will miss two to three weeks with the injury.

Meanwhile, Lionel Messi and his father are accused of something more familiar to readers of this blog: cheating on their taxes. Messi is alleged to have created shell companies in Uruguay, Belize, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom to hide income (his image rights) from Spain and the Spanish income tax agency, Agencia Tributaria, from 2006 through 2009. The UK Telegraph reports that Messi and his father have made a five million euro “corrective payment.”

A judge will rule on whether to dismiss the charges or impose a fine. If found guilty, the maximum fine he could face is €24 Million (just over $31 million at today’s exchange rates) and potentially five years in prison.

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No Loving for Dead Horses in DC Court of Appeals

While I was enjoying Texas, the DC Circuit Court of Appeals heard the IRS’s appeal of Loving v. IRS. This is the case that stopped the IRS from regulating tax preparers. The IRS argued that the circuit court got the decision wrong; the Institute for Justice (who represented the original plaintiffs) argued that the lower court was right. Just so you know my bias in this matter, I joined an amicus curiea brief supporting the original plaintiffs (Loving, et. al.) in the case. By all accounts things did not go well for the IRS.

When the IRS decided to regulate tax preparers, they had to find justification. Congress must delegate authority for an agency to issue a regulation; if Congress does so, the agency has what is called “Chevron deference” in their regulations. (The “Chevron” comes from a Supreme Court case that established this doctrine.) Based on news reports it wasn’t a good day for the IRS.

The major problem that the IRS has in this case is that the law hasn’t changed recently. Congress didn’t enact a new law in 2010 allowing tax preparer regulation. The IRS found a law written in 1884. Yes, you read that correctly: A law written 30 years prior the 16th Amendment (you know, the one that allows for the IRS) to regulate tax preparers to the IRS. The 1884 law is the “Enabling Act of 1884,” but it’s more popular name (thanks, Kelly Erb) is the Horse Act of 1884. That act related to claims over dead horses from the Civil War. I should point out that this same law allows for Enrolled Agents.

The Oral Arguments are now available; be advised that the mp3 file runs about 45 minutes. My non-lawyer take agrees with all the coverage I’ve seen: The judges had no loving for the IRS’s arguments.

A decision could happen as quickly as two months, or it could be sometime in 2014 before the decision is announced.

Posted in IRS | Tagged | 1 Comment

A Tale of Two Audits

Yesterday and today I represented two taxpayers in examinations (audits). I took a day trip to Texas yesterday, and today spent some time in downtown Las Vegas. One thing is certain: The IRS has far nicer quarters here in Las Vegas than they do in the Texas town I visited. In Texas, the IRS was in a drab government building straight out of the 1950s; here, the IRS is in a nice corporate center.

Both audits went quite well for the taxpayers. Both taxpayers had heeded what I had told them: Keep good records. As I’ve said before (and will undoubtedly say again), if you have documentation for what’s on your return, an audit is usually an inconvenience. For my audit today, I carried in two briefcases full of paper (almost two reams of paper–1000 sheets). That’s a lot of documentation.

Meanwhile, while the IRS examiner and I were having a pleasant conversation we could hear snippets of the examination in the next cubicle. “I can’t allow this–you have no documentation.” “I asked for your automobile records in the Information Request.” “Do you have anything that shows your trip was related to the business and wasn’t a vacation?” I assume that audit didn’t go quite as well as mine.

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